Such systems are currently being researched by a number of militaries. Already remarkable success has been achieved with unmanned aerial vehicles like the Predator drone, which are capable of taking surveillance photographs, and even accurately launching missiles at ground targets, without a pilot. A subclass of these are Unmanned Combat Air Vehicles, which are designed to carry out strike missions in combat.
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[edit] History and Development
Broadly defined, military robots date back to World War II and the Cold War in the form of the German Goliath tracked mines and the Soviet teletanks. However, these were simple and made little real impact on the war. It was not until the war in Afghanistan and the Second Iraq War that military robots became more than a footnote. Since then, they advanced rapidly. Defense contractors in the USA are hard at work developing autonomous "robot soldiers", but most current models look more like tanks than humans. There are problems with threat recognition and response; some models will not shoot cows with guerillas crouched behind them, but will fire at anything stenciled with an AK-47 silhouette.
In December 2003, the Associated Press reported that The Pentagon had purchased several Segways, as part of a research program called "Mobile Autonomous Robot Software", an attempt to develop more advanced military robots.
[edit] Examples of systems in development
- US Mechatronics has produced a working automated sentry gun and is currently developing it further for commercial and military use.[2]
- MIDARS, a four-wheeled robot outfitted with several cameras, radar, and possibly a firearm, that automatically performs random or preprogrammed patrols around a military base or other government installation. It alerts a human overseer when it detects movement in unauthorized areas, or other programmed conditions. The operator can then instruct the robot to ignore the event, or take over remote control to deal with an intruder, or to get better camera views of an emergency. The robot would also regularly scan radio frequency identification tags (RFID) placed on stored inventory as it passed and report any missing items.
- US scientists at MIT are known to be "looking into building a mechanical super-fighter... able to heal his own wounds, leap buildings, deflect bullets and even become invisible" which "won't be ready for at least 10 years."[3]
- Tactical Autonomous Combatant (TAC) units, described in Project Alpha study 'Unmanned Effects: Taking the Human out of the Loop' - TAC robots are seen as being faster and more lethal than human soldiers, and able to work in more hazardous environments. This study, which was done in 2003, saw TACs as a reality by 2025.
- ARV
- ACER
- ARTS
[edit] Systems in current use
- Foster-Miller TALON (the weaponised version being known as the Special Weapons Observation Reconnaissance Detection System or SWORDS)
- RQ-9 Predator B
- RQ-1 Predator
- Goalkeeper CIWS
- Guardium [1]
- Samsung SGR-A1 [2]
[edit] Issues
There are many advantages in robotic technology in warfare however, as outlined by Major Kenneth Rose of the US Army's Training and Doctrine Command[3]: "Machines don't get tired. They don't close their eyes. They don't hide under trees when it rains and they don't talk to their buddies ... A human's attention to detail on guard duty drops dramatically in the first 30 minutes ... Machines know no fear."
[edit] Fiction
Military robots are common in fiction of all media.
[edit] Film
[edit] Near future
Land models
- Red Planet (2000) - AMEE (Autonomous Mapping Exploration and Evasion)
- Lara Croft: Tomb Raider (2001) - S.I.M.O.N.
- Robocop (1987) - ED-209 (Enforcement Droid Series 209)
- Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003) - T-1 Battlefield Robot
- Short Circuit (1986) - Nova S-A-I-N-T (Strategic-Artificially-Intelligent-Nuclear-Transport) "Johnny 5"
- Hardware (1990) - M.A.R.K. 13 prototype killer combat droid
Air Models
- Stealth (2005) - EDI (Extreme Deep Invader)
- Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003) - T-1 airborne VTOL craft
[edit] High futurist
Humanoids
- Terminator series (1984/1991/2003) - Cyberdyne T-800/T-850 Terminator Endoskeleton
- Star Wars Episodes I,II,III (1999/2002/2005) - Eos B-1 Battle Droid
- Star Wars Episodes II,III (2002/2005) - Eos B-2 Super Battle Droid
- Star Wars Episode III (2005) - Holowan IG-100 MagnaGuards
- Transformers (2007) - Decepticons
- Saturn 3 (1980) - "Hector" Model
- The Black Hole (1979) - S.T.A.R. (Special Troops/Arms Regiment)
- Battlestar Galactica (1978) - Cylon Centurion (Military androids with silver armor)
Androids
- Terminator series (1984/1991/2003) - Cyberdyne T-800 (Series 800, Model 101, Version 2.4)
- Terminator 2: Judgment Day - Cyberdyne T-1000 a shape-shifter android assassin
- Terminator 3: Rise of the Machines (2003) - T-X "Terminatrix"
- Star Trek The Next Generation Movies (1994/2002) - Data, Lore
Other Designs
- The Matrix series (1999/2003) - Sentinels
- Lost in Space (1998) - B9 "Robot"
- Star Wars Episodes I,II,III (1999/2002/2005) - Droideka (Destroyer Droid)
- Star Wars series (1977/2005) - R2-D2 (Astromech droid)
- The Black Hole (1979) - V.I.N.CENT (Vital Information Necessary CENTralized)
- The Black Hole (1979) - B.O.B. (BiO-sanitation Battalion)
- The Black Hole (1979) - Maximilian
Powered Exoskeletons
- Matrix Revolutions (2003) - APU (Armored Personnel Unit)
- Aliens (1986) - Caterpillar Power Loaders J-5000 (Mechanized Exosuits; these aren't intended for fighting, being designed for handling heavy cargo; however they are used for combat in the film)
- Iron Man (2008) - Iron Man Suit (Powered exoskeleton)
- M.A.N.T.I.S. (1994) - M.A.N.T.I.S. (Mechanically Augmented Neuro-Transmitter Interactive System)
[edit] Television
[edit] Literature
- Various books by Isaac Asimov
- Shooting War by Anthony Lappé
[edit] Computer games
- A.I. Wars (The Insect Mind) and (Armor Commander)(video game)
- Armed and Dangerous
- Command & Conquer 3
- Command & Conquer: Generals and Command & Conquer: Generals – Zero Hour
- Command & Conquer: Red Alert 2
- Deus Ex and Deus Ex: Invisible War
- Earthsiege 2
- Empire Earth
- Empire Earth 2
- Starsiege
- Supreme Commander
- Unreal Tournament and Unreal Tournament 2004
- Messiah
- Z
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